Narration-Short chart

 

Reported  Speech Gi  Person Abymv‡i cwieZ©b t -

	Direct narration Reported Speech Gi Person	Indirect narration G cwiewZ©Z  person
1	(a)   1st Person (I, We, my, our, us) (b)  We gvbe RvwZ‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j|	1.(a) Reporting verb Gi  sub Gi  gender I person  Abymv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq | (b) We  AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
2	2nd Person (You, Your, Yours)	2. Reporting verb Gi  Obj Gi  gender I person  Abymv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq |
3	3rd Person (He, his, him,she, her, hers, they, they, they, their, them, theirs, it, its, Rahim, Rahim’s etc.	3. 3rd person B _v‡K ; cwieZ©b nq bv|
4	Imperative Sentence Gi  Let us Gi  ‘us’	4. Reporting verb Gi  subject ev  object  Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb-- (a)   1st person  _vK‡j---- We (b)  1st person bv †_‡K 2nd person _vK‡j You (c)   1st  I 2nd person bv _vK‡j---- They

Reported  Speech Gi  Sentence Gi Dci wfwË K‡i  Reporting Verb wbgœ wjwLZ fv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq|

	Direct  Gi Reported  Gi  Speech	Indirect narration Gi Reporting verb
1	Assertive	tell(object _vK‡j ) say(object bv _vK‡j ) , remark, hope, belive, comment declare, affirm.
2	Interrogative	ask, enquire of, want to know.
3	Imperative	Prohibit, order, request, advise, entreat, forbid, propose, suggest, ask, beg, command, tell.
4	Optative	Wish ( God ev Allah D‡j­L bv _vK‡j)  Pray (God ev  Allah D‡j­L _vK‡j) bid (we`vq eySv‡Z)
5	Exclamatory	Exclaim in joy, sorrow, wonder, grief, delight, regret, hatred, swear, applaud.

Reported  Speech Gi  Sentence Gi Dci wfwË K‡i  wbgœ wjwLZ Conjunction  hy³ nq t -

	Direct  Gi Reported   Speech Gi Sentence Gi   cÖKvi	Indirect narration G ( , ) & (“........”) Gi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq   Conjunction ev linker
1	Assertive	that
2	Interrorative	that
3	Imperative	that
4	Optative	a) if (, & “......” Gi c‡i Auxiliary verb _vK‡j b) Whether word ( `ywU wel‡qi GKwU‡K Choice Kivi Bw½Z _vK‡j|) c) Question word (,   I “ ....”) Gi ci †Kvb Question word ‡hgb t What, which, when, where,  why, whose, who, whom, how BZ¨vw` _vK‡j †mB Question word wUB em‡e|
5	Exclamatory	a) to, (“.....”) Gi c‡i †Kvb doing verb _vK‡j | b) not to (“......”)  Gi ci Do not ev Negetive evK¨ _vK‡j | c) that........ might (“.........”) Gi c‡i Let _vK‡j Ges AbygwZ eySv‡j| d) that ..... should (“.........”)Gi c‡i Let _vK‡j Ges cÖ¯—ve eySv‡j |

Necessary changes in the indirect narration in different sentences :

	Sentence	Reporting Verb			Remarks
1	Assertive	ask tell + object	that	Subject + verb+Extension	Reporting verb “say” Gi ci object _vK‡j “Say” cwiewZ©Z n‡q Tell Object bv _vK‡j  Say  cwiewZ©Z nq bv| wbqgvgvbymv‡i tense I person cwieZ©b nq | wKš‘ wPiš—i mZ¨ ev‡K¨i †ejvq  tense cwieZ©b nq bv|
2	Interrogative	ask./ enquire of/ , demand of	If/Whether & Who	Sub+verb+ extension	Sentence wU mvnvh¨Kvix Verb Øviv  ïi“ n‡j `ywU Ask If/whether Øviv hy³ nq| Avi sentence wU hw` Wh Øviv ïi“ nq Zvn‡j `ywU Ask Wh  ØvivB hy³ nq | wbqgvbymv‡i Tense & Person cwieZ©b nq|
3	Imperative	order, advise, request, tell, ask, propose (to), suggest	to not to, that	g~j verb +Ex ( AbygwZ)   S Might + V +Ex + S  should + V + Ex ( cÖ¯—ve)	Reporting verb Av‡`k A‡_© order Dc‡`k A‡_© Advise Aby‡iva A‡_©  Request  AbygwZ A‡_© Tell/Ask cÖ¯—ve A‡_©  Propose/Suggest  nq | `ywU Ask nu¨v †evaK To bv †evaK‡K  Not to Ges  Let m~wPZ  Sentence G   That Øviv hy³ nq|
4	Optative	wish/pray	that	S + Might + V + Ex	Dfq Ae¯’vq Subject Gi Might  nq| Long live cwiewZ©Z n‡q Long live  n‡e| Might  Gi c‡i g~j Verb Gi Present form n‡e| wbqgvbymv‡i Person cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
5	Exclamatory	exclaim out/cryout/with joy/with sorrow/ingrief.	that	S + V + Very/Great + Adj + Ex	Reporting verb Exclaim  Gi ci Avb›` eySv‡j with joy, `ytL eySv‡j with sorrow, we¯§q eySv‡j in grief ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|  How/What Gi cwie‡Z©  Very/Great  nq|